# Reverse of the list element
ls[::-1]

# list function
ls.append(9)
print(ls)
print(len(ls))
print(ls.index(3))
print(ls.count(3))

ls[0]='Nitesh' #item re-assignment operation supported by list
print(ls)

ls=[1,2,3]
ls.append([4,5])
print(ls)
ls.append('nitesh')
ls.append(['Pandey'])
ls.append(7)
print(ls)

ls.clear() #to make list empty
print(ls)

# The copy() of object in other object.
ls=[1,2,3]
num=ls.copy()
print(num)

num.extend([4]) # changes made to a copy of object do not reflect in the original object
print(num)
print(ls)

num.count(3)  # count the occurrance of element within the list

num.index(2) # fetch index position of provided element

print(ls)
ls.pop() #By default last element deleted within the list
print(ls)

ls.remove(1) #Specify the value which need to be remove
print(ls)

l=[1,2,3,4,9,8]
l.reverse() #reverse the order of list element
print(l)

del l[2] 
print(f'list after deletion of value from index {l}')

print('Before Sort of list',l)
l.sort() # This function can be used to sort a list in ascending order by default
print('After Sort of list',l)

tup=() #empty tuple
print(type(tup))

#tuple is used when we need to restrict from overriding 
tup=(1,2,3,'Nitesh')
tup[1]  #tuple slicing

#Iterate over tuple element
for i in tup:
  print(i)

tup.append(6)

len(tup)

tup[0]='Nitesh' #item re-assignment operation not supported by tuple

#Iterate till the length of tuple is exhaust.
for i in tup:
  print(tup)

tup1+tup2

for t1 in t:
  print(t1)

s='NiteshPandey'
print(s[1])   #String Slicing

s[1]='y' #string is immutable

print(s.capitalize()) #Capitalize first character of string
print(s.count('e')) # Count number of occurance of character/word withing string

s.endswith('y') #Return Boolean value(True if end with specified character or word else False)

# Return -1 if specified character/word not found in string  else return the position of where it was found
print(s.find('z'))
print(s.find('N'))

print(s.lower())  #Converts a string into lower case
print(s.upper())  #Converts a string into upper case

s.replace('e','c')	#Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified value

print(s.title())            #Converts the first character of each word to upper case
print(s.startswith('N'))    #Returns true if the string starts with the specified value
print(s.split(' '))         #Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list
print(s.strip())            #Returns a trimmed version of the string

t={}
print(type(t)) #if we want to create empty set then we need to specify the keyword set otherwise it treat dict datatype
s=set()
print(type(s))

s=set(1,2,3) #always takes value in the form of list

s=set([1,2,3])
print(s) 
print(type(s))

s=set([1,2,3,'Nitesh','Pandey',False,True,True,True,True,0,1])
print(s) #it does not return the boolean true for set because 1 occurred before True {True:1,False:0}

s=set([1,2,3,'Nitesh','Pandey',0,False,True,True,True,True,0,1])
print(s) # instead of return False it consider False as 0 and return 0

s=set(['Nitesh',True,True,False])
print(s)

B = set('hello') 
print(B)

A=set('abcdefg')
print(A)

[i for i in s]

s[0] #slicing is not possible for set because set does not preserved any order

d #very important notes--if we include boolean value in set then instead of returning the value of true or false it doesn`t return because 1 or 0 if already present

e=set((5,3,6,8,8,'Nitesh','Nitesh',True,True,False))  #now it return true values also because set element does not contain any 0 or 1
print(e)

f=set((0,1,6,8,8,'Nitesh','Nitesh',True,True,False))  #now it return true because set element does not contain any 0 or 1
print(f) #now it doesn't return the true and false value because already it's contain 0 and 1

tup3=(1,2,3,True,False) #tuple not encode the values of true with 1 as set 
print(tup3)

list=[1,0,True,False]  #list not encode the values of true with 1 and 0 with False as set 
print(list)

s.pop()

s.pop()

s.pop(1)  #specific location element not deleted because set not provide subscript or slicing operation Same has been posible in list

n=set([0,9,7,6,8,3,'A',2,4])
print(n)

n1=set({1,2,3,8,9,0})
print(n1)

n2={2,3,4,1,1,0,8,'A','B',222,77,11,22,33,678,678,980}
print(n2)
print(type(n2))

s={}  #when we create empty set then it assume the dict but when we pass one values then it treated as set 
type(s)

s={1} #now it act as set instead of dictionary
type(s)

#empty dictionary can be created using below method
d=dict()
d
s={}  #we can create empty dictionary using this syntax also
type(s)

d=dict({})
d

d={'Name':'Nitesh','Surname':'Pandey'}
print(d)

d={'Name':'Nitesh','Surname':'Pandey','Name':'Nit'} #overwrite the name value to latest value
print(d)

#special character not allowed as key in dictionary
d={'Name':'Nitesh',@:'Nothing'}

#now special character treated as string hence it allowed
d={'Name':'Nitesh','@':'Nothing'}
print(d)

d={'Name':['Nitesh','Sarvesh','Nit'],'Age':(19,23,30),'City':set(['Mumbai','Lucknow','Varanasi'])}  #tuple,set and list allowed as value in dictionary
print(d)

d={'Name':['Nitesh','Sarvesh','Nit'],'Age':(19,23,30),'City':set(['Mumbai','Lucknow','Varanasi','Mumbai'])}  #tuple,set,dict and list allowed as value in dictionary
print(d)

type(d)

d[(1,2,3)]

d={(1,2,3):['Nitesh','Pandey']}
print(d[(1,2,3)])

d={(1,2,3):'Nit'}
print(d[(1,2,3)])

d={(1,2,3):['Nitesh','Pandey'],[1,2,3,4]:'Nit'}  #list can not be used as key in dictionary
print(d[(1,2,3)])

d={'Dest':'UP',(1,2,3):['Nil',3],'Name':'Nitesh','Age':10}
print(d)

# Keys of dict can be iterate using dict.keys()
for i in d.keys():
  print(i)

# keys and values can be access using dict.items()
for key,value in d.items():
  print(key,':',value)

d.keys,d.values,d.items #inbuilt function

print(d)

l=[i**2 for i in range(1,11)]   #list comprehension
print(l)

d={i:i**2 for i in range(1,10)} #dictionary comprehension
print(d)